Abstract: This paper briefly reviewed the operation situation of China's coal market since 2001, considered that the coal market fluctuates greatly in history. Expounded the causes of the severe fluctuation of the coal market, analyzed the harm caused by the fluctuation of the coal market. Analyzed the six major factors affecting the future coal market, and the research believes that the future will be beneficial to the smooth operation of the coal market in China. The fluctuation of the coal market is expected to decline, and suggestions for stabilizing the coal market are put forward.