Abstract: In order to study the pore structure characteristics of different macro coal components, two different metamorphic stage coal rock samples of low-rank coal and high-rank coal were adopted in the favorable area for coalbed methane exploration and development. Artificial coal and middle coal were separated from coal rock. The pore structure characteristics of two kinds of coal macroscopic coal components were tested using helium porosity, liquid nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy experiments. The results of the study indicate that the porosity of high rank coal gangue is higher than that of low rank coal, and the thorium porosity of mirror coal is higher than that of dark coal. The specific surface area of each coal rock component of high rank coal is significantly larger than that of low rank coal, and the specific surface area of dark coal is significantly larger than the specific surface area of mirror coal. The micropores of high metamorphic coal are more developed than macroscopic coal components, and the same metamorphic degree coal , micropores of dark coal components are more developed than the mirror coal components. The porosity, pore structure, and pore morphology of coal are controlled by coalification.