Abstract: The development of karst collapse columns is concealed, and the mine water damage caused by it is extremely destructive, directly jeopardizing the safe production of mines. The paper takes the karst collapse column of the Fangezhuang Minefield in Kailuan as the research object. Based on field survey, mining production data and borehole data, the development characteristics of karst collapse columns in the study area are studied. Moreover, the main controlling factors of the development of the collapse column are systematically analyzed from the aspects of geological background, structure conditions, material conditions and hydrological conditions. The research shows that the formation of the collapse column is diverse. The cross section generally has a size of a cylinder or a cone, the long axis diameter is between 39-115 m, and the short axis diameter is between 29-70 m. The karst collapse column in the study area is distributed in the structurally complex fold zone, which is obviously controlled by the structure, and is closely related to the small faults of the surrounding rock and the annular fault and joint development. The long-term weathering and erosion of the top of the Ordovician limestone has provided a material basis for the extensive development of karst. Furthermore, Groundwater dynamic conditions in the study area have obvious effects on the development scale and distribution of the collapse column.