Abstract: Firstly,the paper analyzed the ecological environment impact characteristics of surface coal mine in arid grassland. Second,the key points of ecological environment impact evaluation in this area are put forward.Thirdly,the paper taked Shengli surface coal mine as an example, analyzed ecological effects from the perspectives of land use, vegetation cover and soil erosion,at the same time, the retrospective analysis method, GeoEye remote sensing image and QuickBird remote sensing digital image were used.