Abstract: Taking the publication of the action plan for the prevention and control of air pollution (hereafter referred to as environmental control policy) as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper builds a synthetic control group with similar characteristics to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the counterfactual surrogate to study the influence on coal consumption and test the mechanism based on the difference-in-differences model. Results shows that, the environmental regulation policy has significantly reduced coal consumption in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and the result is robust. Besides, the environmental control policy promotes the decline of regional coal consumption by optimizing industrial structure, improving scientific and technological level and energy efficiency.