Abstract: In order to strengthen the risk identification of coal mine hazards and realize the early warning management of safety production in coal mine enterprises，the risk factors of coal mine safety are analyzed，the risk early warning index system is constructed from four aspects of personnel，technology，environment and management，and the risk early warning evaluation model is established based on the basic theory of extension theory. Entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each early warning index，which avoids the subjectivity of traditional experience，and the quantitative calculation of correlation function is carried out by using MATLAB software. Taking L Coal Mine in Qianxi County of Guizhou Province as an example for engineering application，the comprehensive safety risk warning level of this coal mine is II，corresponding to the "low warning" state，and its risk degree is weak，which is consistent with the actual situation. The overall risk level of the coal mine enterprise is acceptable，but further optimization is needed. The research shows that the theory and method can provide reference for coal mine safety risk early warning and evaluation.