Abstract: The unique resource endowment conditions determine the position of coal in China's energy consumption structure, and coal will become the main energy source of primary energy in China for a long time.However, the transformation of economic development mode, the transformation and upgrading of consumption structure and production structure, and the constraints of environmental climate change have forced China to put the reform of coal industry reform on the agenda.The National Strategic Plan for Energy Development (2014-2020) emphasizes that the proportion of China's coal consumption in 2020 is controlled within 62%;The “13th Five-Year Plan” proposes to build a new energy system to achieve clean and low-carbon production of energy, safe and efficient targets;At this stage, the guidelines for the de-capacity policy are proposed, which guides the future development direction of China's coal industry.Through the analysis of China's economic development and the status quo of excess capacity of coal industry and the problems that need to be grasped in the context of de-capacity policy, it proposes strategies and policy recommendations for the development of China's coal industry.