Abstract: In Pingdingshan mining area, the large coal pillars left over from the mining process of the coal seam group of the upper and lower strata have an important influence on the tunneling of the coal seam group of the lower strata and the roof pressure and coal seam occurrence state in the mining process. In order to study the influence of the remaining pillars on the underlying coal seam, the roof stress was studied by using bolt stress meter. According to the in-situ monitoring of the bolt stress in the roadway of the underlying coal seam, the influence area of the residual coal pillar on the stress of the underlying coal seam can be divided into three areas: the weak influence area (I area), the intense influence area (II area) and the stable influence area (III area). Through FLAC3D software simulation, the change trend of stress in the affected area is analyzed, and the influence rule of the remaining coal pillar on the underlying coal seam is verified. The research results can provide theoretical basis and on-site guidance for roof management, gas control and outburst prevention measures when driving and mining through coal pillars in the underlying coal seam.