Abstract: As an important part of the coal industry, transportation system undertakes the historical mission of green reform in the coal industry. By analyzing the transportation status and transportation structure of the coal industry, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the traditional transportation mode in safety, environmental protection and intensification, as well as the problems of low structural stability and limited development space in the transportation system. On this basis, this paper introduces the basic principle, development process and application status of pipeline transportation technology in relevant fields at home and abroad, and discusses the technical advantages of slurry pipeline transportation technology in coal industry, including green environmental protection, safety, reliability, intelligence and efficiency. The analysis and research shows that slurry pipeline transportation technology has obvious technical advantages in coal resource transportation and coal based solid waste transportation, has broad market development prospects, and is conducive to the adjustment and optimization of transportation structure of coal industry. However, there are technical challenges such as high degree of technical integration and difficult management and coordination, which need to be solved urgently. It is pointed out that (1) smart pipeline transportation; (2) Pipeline transportation of slurry with wide particle size and high concentration; (3) The construction of green pipeline transportation system in energy-based cities is the future development direction of slurry pipeline transportation technology in the coal industry. The research results provide a new idea for the selection of transportation mode in the coal industry, and lay a foundation for optimizing the industry transportation structure, improving the system stability and realizing green transportation.