Abstract: The underground environment of Shendong mining area is humid, the mine water is weakly alkaline and the composition is complex, so the corrosion of underground anchor cable is very serious, which directly affects the service life and support safety of anchor cable. In order to study the influence of the main ions in the mine water of Shendong mining area on the accelerated corrosion of the underground anchor cable, and clarify the main factors and corrosion mechanism of the accelerated corrosion of the anchor cable in the underground environment, this paper takes the Bultai mine of Shendong mining area as the engineering background, and obtains the characteristics of the underground environment and the content of six main ions in the mine water through field survey, water quality sampling and chemical inspection, and carry out accelerated corrosion salt spray experiment to study the main ion composition and corrosion mechanism of the anchor cable in the Shendong mining area mine water, and evaluate the influence of the main ions in the mine water on the accelerated corrosion of the anchor cable by using four indicators: corrosion morphology, mass loss rate, sectional area loss rate and mechanical property attenuation. The experimental results show that the corrosion reaction of the underground anchor cable in Shendong mining area is oxygen absorption corrosion, and Cl- has the greatest promoting effect on the accelerated corrosion of the anchor cable. The corrosion degree of the six main ions in the mine water from large to small is Cl->SO42->CO32->F->Mg2+>Ca2+, revealing the mechanism of the accelerated corrosion of the underground anchor cable, which is of great significance to the support design of the underground roadway and the study of the service life of the anchor cable.