Quantitative prediction of the concentration and influence range for unorganized particulate matter generated by aerodynamic disturbances and mechanical disturbances during the development of open-pit coal mines in the Gobi area is the key point and difficulty on the atmospheric environmental impact assessment. Taking the Hongshaliang open-pit mine as the research object, based on the technical guideline for Compilation of Dust Source Particulate Emission Inventory (Trial) and ADMS-EIA software, an evaluation strategy of meteorological data preprocessing-unorganized source intensity accounting-model quantitative prediction was established. The grid concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 under dust control measures were visualized by contour plot. Research shows that unorganized particulate matter from open-pit coal mine development is mainly concentrated within 1000 m of the disturbed working face. Compared with regular watering dust control measures, the use of chemical covering agents can reduce the concentration contribution of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 at 500 m downwind of the dominant wind 56%, 56%, and 41%, respectively. Quantitative prediction of unorganized dust sources for open-pit mine in Gobi region can provide support for determining the atmospheric environment protection distance and assessing the feasibility of pollution control measures.