In view of the risk of Rock burst caused by the mining disturbance at the end of the mining period in the 3303 working face of Xinjulong Coal Mine on the main roadway of the coal seam, the microseismic monitoring analyzed the distribution and evolution law of the fracture of the leading coal and rock mass in the working face during the mining period, and theoretically analyzed the stress distribution pattern in the protective coal pillar area of the main roadway, The stress distribution characteristics of the coal pillar area of the main roadway before and after the mining of the working face and the stress distribution and evolution law of the main roadway of the coal seam under the influence of the mining of the working face are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the occurrence mechanism of Rock burst in the main roadway area is expounded. Research has shown that the stress distribution in the protective coal pillar area of the main roadway is in a "saddle shaped" shape, and the superposition of stress and advanced support pressure gradually increases due to the influence of mining on the working face. At the end of the mining face, the increase in the connectivity range of the goaf also leads to an increase in the peak bearing pressure. The influence range of advanced support pressure in 3303 working face is about 180m. When the working face is less than 180m away from the main roadway, the impact of vertical stress caused by mining is more obvious, and the risk of impact on the roadway edge is increased. In addition, by optimizing the terminal line position of 3303 working face and adopting a targeted prevention and control technical scheme, the main roadway area at the end of the mining face has less mine shock and low energy, and the Rock burst prevention and control effect is significant.