In order to study the key factors affecting the water richness condition of the Jurassic coal seam roof and make a reasonable evaluation of the water richness condition of the Jurassic coal seam roof, this paper uses GeoDetector to explore the connection between the lithological and tectonic factors and the interactions between the factors and the water richness, to screen out the main factors affecting the water richness and to evaluate the level of water richness of the study area by using the Shaozhai Mine as an example, using the AdaBoost algorithm. The results show that the number of sand and mud interbedded layers (0.62), sandstone equivalent thickness (0.45), sandstone thickness (0.42), sand to mud ratio (0.31) and lithological influence index (0.09) are the key factors for the evaluation of water richness in the study area, in which the number of sand and mud interbedded layers is the most important factor for the evaluation of water richness of the roof of the Jurassic coal seam, and the tectonic factors have weaker influence on the water richness condition of the Jurassic coal seam. The areas with high water richness in the study area mainly exist in the northeast, the areas with medium water richness are in the west-central and a small part of the east-central part of the study area, and the majority of the study area has low water richness. The GeoDetector can determine the main factors affecting the water richness of the Jurassic coal seam roof, and combined with the AdaBoost algorithm, it can reasonably evaluate the water richness of the Jurassic coal seam roof.