In order to explore the migration and failure characteristics and stress field evolution law of strong mining overburden in shallow buried extra-thick coal seam, this paper takes 226 upper 03 shallow buried extra-thick working face of Huangyuchuan Coal Mine as the research background, and analyzes the displacement field, stress field and fracture field of mining overburden through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the development height of overburden water flowing fractured zone in 226 Shang 03 working face is about 116 ~ 145 m, the first caving step distance of main roof is 44.74 m, and the periodic caving step distance of main roof is 18.27 m. Based on the numerical simulation results, it is revealed that the breaking of the main roof and key strata has a significant control effect on the surrounding rock in the stope area, which directly affects the development characteristics of the fracture field and displacement field of the overlying rock. The failure form of the overlying rock presents an ' inverted funnel ' shape as a whole, and presents obvious zonal migration and failure characteristics, namely : separation zone, fracture development zone, fracture closure zone and stable zone. The vertical stress peak of overburden rock is proportional to the disturbance degree and the advancing distance of working face, and it changes periodically after the working face advances to a certain length. During the mining process, the stress concentration area of overburden rock is mainly distributed on the coal wall side at both ends of the goaf, showing an ' eight ' symmetrical oblique divergence.