大采高工作面厚层砂岩破断运移及支架载荷特性研究

doi:10. 11799/ ce202509027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大采高工作面厚层砂岩顶板破断矿压显现剧烈难题，基于理论分析、相似模拟实验及现场试验，对小保当煤矿一号井大采高工作面覆岩运移及矿压显现规律进行研究。研究结果表明：液压支架工作阻力P与直接顶悬顶长度L₄成反比，与基本顶悬臂梁长度L₁、回转角度θ及其基本顶上覆载荷强度成正相关；大采高一次采全高工作面一次回采期间采空区岩梁总体呈现“F”型分布，基本顶初次垮落步距约为70m，周期垮落步距约为15m，矿压集中系数约为1.8；二次回采期间留设煤柱周围岩梁总体呈现“T”型分布，基本顶初次垮落步距约为50m，周期垮落步距约为15m，矿压集中系数约为2.2，二次采动期间覆岩顶板应力集中度显著较高；煤柱区域呈现高应力集中；工作面二次采动期间支架载荷强度相较于单一采面采动期间高约21%，来压期间液压支架工作阻力增幅显著小于一次回采，此外，工作面上部临空段应力载荷显著较高；基于研究结果，生产矿井更新新型液压支架，并增大了额定工作阻力，有效提升了工作面的安全回采系数。

关键词:

大采高工作面 , 支架载荷 , 相似模拟, , 应力分布

Abstract:

Abstract: Based on theoretical analysis, similar simulation experiments, and field tests, a study was conducted on the movement of overlying strata and the manifestation of mining pressure in a thick sandstone roof of a large mining face in northern Shaanxi. The research results showed that the working resistance P of the hydraulic support was inversely proportional to the length L4 of the direct top suspension, and positively correlated with the length L1 of the basic top cantilever beam, the rotation angle θ, and the strength k1 γ 1h1 of the basic top overlying load; The overall distribution of rock beams in the goaf during the single mining period of the full height working face with large mining height is in an "F" shape, with a basic top initial collapse step distance of about 70 meters, a periodic collapse step distance of about 15 meters, and a mining pressure concentration coefficient of about 1.8; During the secondary mining period, the rock beams around the coal pillars are generally distributed in a "T" shape, with a basic initial collapse step distance of about 50 meters and a periodic collapse step distance of about 15 meters. The concentration coefficient of mining pressure is about 2.2, and the stress concentration of the overlying rock roof is significantly higher during the secondary mining period; The coal pillar area exhibits high stress concentration; The load strength of the support during the secondary mining period of the working face is about 21% higher than that during the single mining period. The increase in working resistance of the hydraulic support during the pressure period is significantly smaller than that during the primary mining. In addition, the stress load of the upper goaf section of the working face is significantly higher; Based on the research results, the mining party has updated a new type of hydraulic support and increased the rated working resistance, effectively improving the safety recovery coefficient of the working face and providing theoretical basis for safe and efficient production in similar mines.

中图分类号:

"> TD325

王君, 王飞, 宋万新.

大采高工作面厚层砂岩破断运移及支架载荷特性研究 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2025, 57(9): 207-216.

参考文献

[1] 李男男. 复合型顶板大采高工作面顶板控制技术实践研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2022,50(S2): 33-37.
LI Nannan. Practice research on roof control technology of large mining height combined roof face [J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2022,50(S2): 33-37.
[2] 刘生优, 姚强岭. 近距离煤层大采高综放开采技术[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2008,25(3): 347-351.
LIU Shengyou, YAO Qiangling. Fully-Mechanized Top Coal Caving Mining Technology with Great Mining Height in Close-Distance Seams[J]. JOURNAL OF MINING AND SAFETY ENGINEERING, 2008,25(3): 347-351.
[3] 杨俊哲, 刘前进. 8.8m超大采高工作面矿压显现规律实测及机理分析[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020,48(1): 69-74.
YANG Junzhe, LIU Qianjin. Analysis and measured of strata behavior law and mechanism of 8.8 m ultra-high mining height working face[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020,48(1): 69-74.
[4] 徐刚, 张震, 杨俊哲, 等. 8.8m超大采高工作面支架与围岩相互作用关系[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022,47(4): 1462-1472.
XU Gang, ZHANG Zhen, YANG Junzhe, et al. Interaction between support and surrounding rock in 8.8 m super mining height working face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022,47(4): 1462-1472.
[5] 刘忠全, 刘前进. 神东矿区8.8m超大采高工作面矿压综合监测与分析[J]. 煤炭工程, 2020,52(5): 81-86.
LIU Zhongquan, LIU Qianjin. Comprehensive monitoring and analysis of mine pressure in Shendong8.8m super-large mining height working face[J]. Coal Engineering, 2020,52(5): 81-86.
[6] 李志军, 姬智. 8.8 m超大采高工作面煤壁片帮原因及防护技术研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2021,53(z1): 30-35.
LI Zhijun, JI Zhi. Causes of rib spalling and the prevention measures in 8. 8m super-high mining face[J]. Coal Engineering, 2021,53(z1): 30-35.
[7] 何吉清, 李猛, 安博超, 等. 大采高工作面覆岩运动与煤壁片帮规律[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024,43(2): 135-142.
HE Jiqing, LI Meng, AN Bochao, et al. Overlying strata movement and rib spalling law of large mining height working face[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science Edition), 2024,43(2): 135-142.
[8] 冀宏波, 李玉福. 8.8m超大采高综采工作面支架选型应用及顶板管理研究[J]. 中国煤炭, 2020,46(7): 92-96.
JI Hongbo, LI Yufu. Research on support selection and roof management technology in 8.8 m ultra-high fully mechanized mining face[J]. China Coal, 2020,46(7): 92-96.
[9] 李瑞楼, 卞涛. 浅埋超长综采工作面回采关键技术研究[J]. 中国矿业, 2023,32(z1): 344-349.
LI Ruilou, BIAN Tao. Study on the key technology of shallow-buried and super-long fully mechanized coal face[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2023,32(z1): 344-349.
[10] 鞠金峰, 许家林, 朱卫兵, 等. 7.0m支架综采面矿压显现规律研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2012,29(3): 344-350, 356.
JU Jinfeng, XU Jialin, WEI-BING ZHU, et al. Strata Behavior of Fully-Mechanized Face with 7.0 m Height Support[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2012,29(3): 344-350, 356.
[11] 许家林, 鞠金峰. 特大采高综采面关键层结构形态及其对矿压显现的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011,30(8): 1547-1556.
XU Jialin, JU Jinfeng. STRUCTURAL MORPHOLOGY OF KEY STRATUM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STRATA BEHAVIORS IN FULLY-MECHANIZED FACE WITH SUPER-LARGE MINING HEIGHT[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011,30(8): 1547-1556.
[12] 韩会军, 王国法, 李明忠, 等. 超大采高综采工作面支护技术及装备研究现状[J]. 煤矿安全, 2024,55(5): 213-221.
HAN Huijun, WANG Guofa, LI Mingzhong, et al. Present situation of support technology and equipment in fully mechanized mining face with supermining height[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2024,55(5): 213-221.
[13] 王国法, 胡相捧, 刘新华, 等. 千米深井大采高俯采工作面四柱液压支架适应性分析[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020,45(3): 865-875.
WANG Guofa, HU Xiangpeng, LIU Xinhua, et al. Adaptability analysis of four-leg hydraulic support for underhand working face with large mining height of kilometer deep mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020,45(3): 865-875.
[14] 许永祥, 王国法, 张传昌, 等. 特厚坚硬煤层超大采高综放开采合理采高研究与实践[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2020,37(4): 715-722.
XU Yongxiang, WANG Guofa, ZHANG Chuanchang, et al. Investigation and practice of the reasonable cutting height at longwall top coal caving face with super-large mining height in hard and extra-thick coal seams[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2020,37(4): 715-722.
[15] 雷照源, 姚一龙, 李磊, 等. 大采高智能化工作面液压支架自动跟机控制技术研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2019,47(7): 194-199.
LEI Zhaoyuan, YAO Yilong LI Lei, et al. Research on automatic follow-up control technology of hydraulic support in intelligent working face with large mining height[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2019,47(7): 194-199.
[16] 刘建伟, 雷照源, 马龙涛. 深部大采高工作面复合顶板运动规律及支架状态研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2021,53(6): 95-100.
JIAN-WEI LIU, ZHAO-YUAN LEI, LONG-TAO M. A. Movement law of composite roof and support status in high-cutting working faces[J]. Coal Engineering, 2021,53(6): 95-100.
[17] 周金龙, 黄庆享. 浅埋大采高工作面顶板关键层结构稳定性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019,38(7): 1396-1407.
ZHOU Jinlong, HUANG Qingxiang. Stability analysis of key stratum structures of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2019,38(7): 1396-1407.
[18] 黄克军, 黄庆享, 赵萌烨, 等. 浅埋大采高煤层群开采覆岩结构及矿压特征分析[J]. 煤炭工程, 2017,49(4): 70-73.
HUANG Kejun, HUANG Qingxiang, ZHAO Mengye, et al. Features analysis of overlying strata and mine pressure in shallowburied coal seams group mining with large cutting height[J]. Coal Engineering, 2017,49(4): 70-73.
[19] 任怀伟, 孟祥军, 李政, 等. 8 m大采高综采工作面智能控制系统关键技术研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2017,45(11): 37-44.
Ren Huaiwei. Research on Reasonable Working Height and Shield Beam Structure of Hydraulic Support with Large Mining Height [J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2011,39(04): 89-93.
[20] 任怀伟. 大采高液压支架合理工作高度及掩护梁结构研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2011,39(04): 89-93.
Ren Huaiwei. Research on Reasonable Working Height and Shield Beam Structure of Hydraulic Support with Large Mining Height [J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2011,39(04): 89-93.
[21] 赵毅鑫, 杨志良, 马斌杰, 等. 基于深度学习的大采高工作面矿压预测分析及模型泛化[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020,45(01): 54-65.
Zhao Yixin, Yang Zhiliang, Ma Binjie, et al. Mining pressure prediction analysis and model generalization based on deep learning in large mining height working face [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020,45(01): 54-65.
[22] 赵毅鑫, 令春伟, 刘斌, 等. 浅埋超大采高工作面覆岩裂隙演化及能量耗散规律研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2021,38(01): 9-18.
Zhao Yixin, Ling Chunwei, Liu Bin, et al. Study on fracture evolution and energy dissipation law of overlying rock in shallow buried ultra-high mining face [J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2021,38(01): 9-18.
[23] 张小康, 何峰. 近距离下煤层综采工作面侧向支承压力分布研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2012,40(6): 37-40.
ZHANG Xiaokang, HE Feng. Study on Lateral Support Pressure Distribution of Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Face in the Contiguous Lower Seams[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2012,40(6): 37-40.