Burnt rock is characterized by structural fragmentation, well-developed fractures, and strong water-rich properties, making it a key challenge for surrounding rock control in shallow-buried coal seam roadways in western China. Based on the actual engineering conditions of the burnt rock zone exposed in the No. 11 coal seam at the +1710 return airway of Yushuling Coal Mine, a fracture density-based zoning system for surrounding rock was established through field measurements and numerical simulation. The disaster evolution mechanism was identified, and a targeted zoning control strategy and optimized support scheme were proposed. The study shows that the fracture density of burnt rock can be divided into three categories: intact zone, fractured zone, and severely broken zone. Corresponding support systems are designed with cable bolt densification, grouting reinforcement, and combined steel-set support as the core measures, forming an integrated "support–reinforcement–protection" control model. This technical system effectively enhances surrounding rock stability, controls deformation, and ensures excavation safety, providing valuable guidance for the control of similarly weak and fractured rock roadways.