特厚煤层强采动覆岩运移破坏特征与应力场演化规律

doi:10. 11799/ ce202512017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了掌握特厚煤层开采的覆岩破坏特征与裂隙发育规律，防范顶板、溃水等安全事故。以黄玉川煤矿6上煤层浅埋特厚工作面为研究背景，通过理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等综合手段，对采动覆岩位移场、应力场、裂隙场多因素深入对比分析。获得该矿井特厚工作面开采覆岩破坏范围约为150m，基本顶初次垮落步距为44.74m，周期垮落步距为18.27m。揭示了特厚煤层强采动覆岩破坏形态轮廓整体呈现为“倒漏斗”形，覆岩裂隙呈现出明显的分区扩展特征，可划分为：离层区、裂隙发育区、裂隙闭合区、稳定区。发现了采动应力在覆岩中的传递呈现马鞍形，应力集中主要分布于采空区边界以及中部压实区；待工作面推进180m后采动影响趋于周期来压稳定阶段，应力上位传递衰减，采动裂隙得以抑制。研究结果对于浅埋特厚煤层强采动条件下的覆岩运移破坏高度与灾害防治具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 浅埋, 厚煤层, 覆岩运移, 应力场, 裂隙

Abstract:

In order to explore the migration and failure characteristics and stress field evolution law of strong mining overburden in shallow buried extra-thick coal seam, this paper takes 226 upper 03 shallow buried extra-thick working face of Huangyuchuan Coal Mine as the research background, and analyzes the displacement field, stress field and fracture field of mining overburden through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the development height of overburden water flowing fractured zone in 226 Shang 03 working face is about 116 ~ 145 m, the first caving step distance of main roof is 44.74 m, and the periodic caving step distance of main roof is 18.27 m. Based on the numerical simulation results, it is revealed that the breaking of the main roof and key strata has a significant control effect on the surrounding rock in the stope area, which directly affects the development characteristics of the fracture field and displacement field of the overlying rock. The failure form of the overlying rock presents an ' inverted funnel ' shape as a whole, and presents obvious zonal migration and failure characteristics, namely : separation zone, fracture development zone, fracture closure zone and stable zone. The vertical stress peak of overburden rock is proportional to the disturbance degree and the advancing distance of working face, and it changes periodically after the working face advances to a certain length. During the mining process, the stress concentration area of overburden rock is mainly distributed on the coal wall side at both ends of the goaf, showing an ' eight ' symmetrical oblique divergence.

中图分类号:

TD325⁺. 1

张　恒, 张俊林, 姬天武, 张红凯. 特厚煤层强采动覆岩运移破坏特征与应力场演化规律[J]. 煤炭工程, 2025, 57(12): 127-135.

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