煤炭工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 238-246.doi: 10.11799/ce202410029

• 研究探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

矿井离层水致灾机理及防治技术研究进展

华可,李文,李江华,等   

  1. 1. 煤炭科学研究总院
    2. 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-11 修回日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 华可 E-mail:mkhk21@163.com

Research Progress on Formation Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Mine Separation Water

  • Received:2023-11-11 Revised:2024-04-07 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2025-01-16

摘要: 针对矿井离层水研究过程中遇到的突水征兆不明显、瞬时水量大、滞后性、周期性突水等问题,从覆岩移动离层水的形成、致灾机理、防治技术、监测预警等方面总结了离层水的研究进展。首先,离层水害是采动影响下采场覆岩运动和地下水运移的耦合结果,通过挖掘突水事故的表现、覆岩结构及运动特征、地下水运移规律及相关研究现状,总结得到离层水形成基本条件和发育的基本规律,分析了突水引发溃泥溃砂、瓦斯涌出、切顶压架等次生灾害的机制。其次,离层垂向和水平位置预测是离层水害防治的关键,在此基础上,介绍了地面直通式泄水孔、离层注浆充填、井下截流孔、井下导流孔和地面抽排水孔5种离层水的防治方法,并结合工程实际,分析了其特点和问题。最后,利用岩层的岩性组合及地质条件评价离层突水危险性,同时结合回采过程中的多物理场监测数据实现了离层水害的预警,并提出了离层水研究过程中亟待解决的问题。

关键词: 覆岩移动, 离层突水, 致灾机理, 防治方法, 监测预警

Abstract: Mine separation water disaster has become one of the difficulties in the prevention and control of roof water disasters due to its characteristics of unclear water inrush signs,large instantaneous water volume,hysteresis,periodic water inrush,etc. The research progress in the formation,disaster mechanism,prevention and control technology,monitoring and warning of separation water is systematically summarized. Separation water disaster is the coupling result of stope overburden movement and groundwater movement under the influence of mining. Through the performance of water inrush accidents,the structure and movement characteristics of overburden,the groundwater movement law and the relevant research status,the basic conditions and development rules of separation water are summarized. The mechanism of water inrush causes secondary disasters such as mud and sand collapse,gas emission,and cutting roof support. The vertical and horizontal position prediction of separation water is the key to the prevention and control of separation water disaster. On this basis,five prevention and control methods of separation water are introduced:surface straight-through water discharge hole,separation grouting filling,underground closure hole and underground diversion hole. Combined with the engineering practice,the characteristics and problems are analyzed. The separation water hazard risk is evaluated by the lithology combination and geological conditions of the rock strata. Combined with the monitoring data of water level,microseism,mine pressure,gas and so on in the mining process,the early warning of separation water hazard can be realized. The problems to be solved in the study of separation water are put forward,such as the chain reaction mechanism of separation water and its secondary disasters; The lack of scientific evaluation methods for the prevention and control technology of separation water; the limitations of geophysical detection technology make it difficult to capture accurate data of high separation.