In order to improve the energy absorption efficiency and deformation stability of roadway anchor cable suction pressure structure, mechanical testing and finite element numerical simulation were used to study five different energy absorption pressure structures, namely coarse waist drum, straight pipe, wedge groove, long groove and straight pipe V-shaped groove. The results show that the shape and structure characteristics determine the peak compressive strength, ultimate deformation, energy absorption efficiency and the overall stability of the structure. Although the energy absorption efficiency of the straight tube energy absorption structure with 5mm wall thickness is increased by 48%, 66% and 56%, respectively, compared with the coarse waist drum, wedge groove and long groove structure, local stress concentration is easy to occur in the compression process of the straight tube energy absorption structure, and then the bias induces the uneven deformation and structural instability. The energy absorption efficiency of the straight tube structure with deformation induction V-shaped groove inside is 45.29KJ/g, which only reduces the energy absorption efficiency of the pressure structure by 6% compared with that of the straight tube. However, due to the deformation induction effect of the V-shaped groove, the bias problem caused by local stress concentration can be avoided, and the deformation of the pressure structure is more stable than that of the straight tube.By applying the V-shaped groove energy absorption and compression structure to on-site practice, the deformation of the tunnel was well controlled.