Development of CO2 capture, utilization and sequestration technology suitable for coal-fired power plants is of great significance for realizing the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in our country. Solid waste reduction, recycling and harmless utilization is a strategic measure of pollution prevention and control in China at present. In this paper, a fly ash from Sandaogou Power Plant was selected to experimentally investigated the CO2 mineralization and alkali reduction performance through carbonation reactions. The physical and chemical characteristics before and after reaction of the fly ash were also explored, and the potential utilization of the carbonated fly ash were discussed. The results show that increasing the flue gas flow rate can effectively increase the CO2 mineralization and alkali reduction performance of fly ash. However, when the flue gas flow rate exceeds a certain value, CO₂ dissolution became fast while the conversion rate of calcium reach saturation. The introduction of organic amines into the fly ash -water system could significantly improve the utilization efficiency of CO2 and the CO2 sequestration capacity of the fly ash. This is because organic amines could not only improve the solubility of CO2 in the solution, but also enhance the dissolution of calcium phase from fly ash particles. CO2 mineralization can not only significantly reduce the alkalinity of fly ash, but also reduce the leaching amount of some heavy metals in fly ash, thereby promoting the absorption and resource utilization of fly ash．