基于主控岩层的综采工作面导水裂缝带高度预测方法研究

doi:10.11799/ce202603018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为准确预测综采工作面导水裂缝带发育高度，基于综采工作面覆岩结构特征，结合矿山压力、涌水量及微震事件的演化规律，提出工作面覆岩导水裂缝主控岩层的概念，并构建覆岩厚硬岩层“横向三区”复合承载结构模型，推导“三区复合支撑体”支承刚度计算公式，建立工作面覆岩临界破断步距计算方法，最终形成基于主控岩层的导水裂缝带高度预测新方法，并在纳林河二矿31101综采工作面开展工程应用验证。研究结果表明：工作面导水裂缝主控岩层是覆岩中自下向上首个不发生周期性破断的厚硬岩层，该岩层由原岩支撑区、支架控顶支撑区、冒落顶板支撑区构成的复合支撑体共同支承；随着破断岩层碎胀程度及相对压实系数的变化，冒落顶板支撑区刚度呈现“缓慢增长”与“快速增长”双阶段演化特征；工作面覆岩临界破断步距等同于工作面见方步距。工程应用结果显示，31101工作面导水裂缝带裂采比实测值为17.21，《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范》中两组经验公式预测裂采比分别为8.51和9.83，而本文提出的基于主控岩层的预测方法计算裂采比为19.58，与现场实测结果更为接近，预测精度显著提升。

关键词:

导水裂缝带高度, 综采工作面, 支承刚度, 破断步距, 厚硬岩层, 覆岩结构

Abstract:

In order to accurately predict the height of the water-flowing fractured zone of fully mechanized mining face, based on the analysis of the evolution of overlying rock structure, the mine pressure, water inflow and microseismic events, the concept of the main control roof of the water-flowing fractured zone of overlying rock is presented. Then the composite structure model with horizontal three-zone supporting body of the thick and hard overlying rock is es-tablished, and the stiffness calculation formula of the "three-zone composite supporting body" is given. The calculating formula of the critical periodic caving span of overlying rock is ob-tained, and the method to predict the height of the water-flowing fractured zone based on the main control roof is presented. The method has been successfully used in 31101 fully mecha-nized mining face in Nalinheer mine. The results show that the main control roof of the wa-ter-flowing fractured zone is the first unbroken thick hard rock from bottom to top in the overburden rock, and the main control roof is supported by the composite support body com-posed of the in-situ rock zone, the hydraulic support supporting zone and the supporting zone of the caving collapse roof. Due to swelling and evolution of relative compaction coefficient of the collapse roof, the supporting stiffness of the caving collapse roof zone takes on "slow growth" and "fast growth" two-stage characteristic. The critical periodic caving span is the square span of the working face. The measured height of the water-flowing fractured zone of 31101 working face is 17.21. The two empirical formula in “Code for the Design of Coal Pillar and the Extraction of Coal for Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways, and Main Tunnels” are em-ployed, and predicted the height of the water-flowing fractured zone are 8.51 and 9.83, respec-tively. The predicting result of the height of the water-flowing fractured zone by the method in this paper is 19.58. The predicting result from the method in this paper is closer to the measured result. The method of predicting height of the water-flowing fractured zone in this paper takes into account the influences of overburden structure, distribution of thick and hard rock, mining height, swelling characteristics of collapse rock and other factors on the height of the wa-ter-flowing fractured zone, and it provides a new way to predict the height of the water-flowing fractured zone of fully mechanized mining face.

中图分类号:

TD745
TD325

安　泽, 于秋鸽, 尹希武, 张玉军, 宋业杰, 张春会.

基于主控岩层的综采工作面导水裂缝带高度预测方法研究 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(3): 145-154.

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