To address the issues of poor wetting performance of dust particles and low dust suppression efficiency of existing water spray dust suppression methods at full-face excavation surfaces, an enhanced dust suppression method combining surfactants with a multi-layer spiral fog curtain was proposed, and the synergistic dust suppression mechanism was analyzed. Using coking coal dust as the research subject, experiments on the wetting properties, including surface tension, contact angle, coal dust settlement, and spray droplet size distribution, were conducted with six types of surfactants at seven different concentrations. The optimal surfactant was selected based on these experiments. A self-developed intelligent dust suppression platform for coal mine tunnels was used to study and analyze the influence of different injection media and dust suppression methods on the dust suppression performance for coking coal dust at the full-face excavation surface. The results showed that the synergistic dust suppression effect of the surfactant and multi-layer spiral fog curtain was significant. This was primarily demonstrated through the efficient dust removal achieved by the multi-layer spiral fog curtain, the excellent wetting ability of the surfactant for dust particles, and the positive synergistic effect between the two. Based on the comprehensive wetting property experiments, a 0.05% CDEA solution was found to provide the best overall wetting effect. The multi-layer spiral fog curtain combined with 0.05% CDEA solution significantly improved the dust suppression effect at the full-face excavation surface. Compared to the multi-layer spiral fog curtain combined with clear water and the traditional ring nozzle spray combined with 0.05% CDEA solution, The effectiveness of dust suppression for total dust and respirable dust on the return air side showed an improvement of around 20% and 12%, respectively. The suppression efficiency for total dust peaked at 96.45%, while that for respirable dust achieved a maximum of 90.88%.The results of this study provide valuable insights and guidance for dust suppression work at similar excavation sites in coal mine tunnels.