含水碎软煤层气动定向钻进关键技术及工程应用

doi:10.11799/ce202606014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决碎软煤层气动定向钻进遇局部出水地层时塌孔、卡钻、排渣受阻频发的工程难题，提升复杂含水煤层成孔与瓦斯抽采水平，剖析了出水环境下钻渣运移规律与钻进故障形成机理，研发形成由超前地质探查、多参数监测预警、复合排渣工艺组成的成套气动定向钻进技术体系，优化集成了大功率定向钻机、高压制氮机、气动螺杆钻具等配套关键装备，并在山西华阳二矿开展现场试验。应用该成套技术完成7个定向钻孔施工，全部顺利成孔，最大孔深506m，350m以上钻孔5个，累计进尺3363m；筛管完孔后历经160d瓦斯抽采，管路瓦斯浓度稳定在67%，累计抽采瓦斯56.06m³。试验结果表明：钻孔环空“气-液-固”多相流动态失衡导致的环空排渣效率骤降、气体循环能量损耗，是造成气动定向钻进受阻的主要因素；所构建的“地质探查-风险预警-高效排渣”技术体系及配套装备，可有效降低钻渣黏附与环空堵塞风险，提升成孔质量与瓦斯抽采效果。

Abstract:

Aiming at the key technical challenges such as poor borehole cleaning and unstable borehole wall in gas drilling under water-inrush conditions in broken-soft coal seam in underground coal mine, an in-depth analysis of the drilling debris transport process under water-inrush condition was conducted. The study revealed the mechanism by which water inrush in the strata leads to annular blockage and drilling resistance. Based on this, key technologies for air directional drilling suitable for water-inrush conditions in the strata were developed, and supporting drilling equipment was optimized and integrated. Field industrial tests were also conducted. The results showed that: (1) The dynamic imbalance of "gas-liquid-solid" multiphase flow in the borehole annulus leads to a sharp decline in annular debris removal efficiency and energy loss in gas circulation, which is the main cause of resistance to air directional drilling. Its prominent manifestations include a surge in debris removal resistance, an increase in annular pressure drop gradient, and even severe annular blockage. (2) A method for collaborative identification of water inrush in the strata based on comprehensive exploration technology was proposed, providing a basis for optimizing the design of borehole trajectory. By integrating real-time monitoring data such as drilling parameters, air supply parameters, and water inflow from the strata, a criterion for identifying precursor characteristics of borehole blockage was established. A composite debris removal technology based on feedback from monitoring parameters was developed, effectively reducing the adhesion of drilling debris to the drilling tools and borehole walls and improving debris removal efficiency. (3) Using a complete set of technical equipment, 7 directional boreholes were successfully drilled under local water-inrush conditions in a broken-soft coal seam in Huayang Second Mine in Shanxi Province, including five boreholes over 350 meters deep, with the maximum borehole depth reaching 506 meters, achieving significant gas extraction results. The research findings provide important technical references for gas extraction in broken-soft coal seam under similar geological conditions and have promotion and application value.

中图分类号:

TD712　 " target="_blank">
TD712

刘　飞.

含水碎软煤层气动定向钻进关键技术及工程应用 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(6): 104-110.

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