Aiming at the problems of large deformation, high degree of fragmentation and difficult support of extremely soft surrounding rock under the action of deep high stress, taking the 1232 ( 3 ) gob-side entry of Dingji Coal Mine as the engineering background, the failure characteristics of surrounding rock and the principle and technology of stage control of surrounding rock in deep high stress soft rock gob-side entry are studied by means of numerical simulation, field monitoring and underground test. The results show that with the increase of the distance from the head of the roadway, the asymmetry of the stress of the two sides of the roadway increases gradually. The peak stress of the solid coal side is 37.18 MPa, which is greater than 35.21 MPa of the coal pillar side. There is stress concentration in the 50 m range of 1242 ( 3 ) final mining line, up to 33 MPa. The development degree of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway is that the coal pillar side is greater than the solid coal side, which is greater than the roof and floor. From the complex surrounding rock change process experienced in the process of roadway excavation, the whole roadway is divided into five typical stages of surrounding rock change to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics and failure mechanism of surrounding rock. It is revealed that under the action of high stress, the deformation of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadway along goaf is large, showing obvious regional and asymmetry in space. Based on the preliminary design scheme of the roadway and the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock, the support scheme is adjusted in a timely and effective manner, and the roadway is comprehensively treated in a segmented, asymmetric and regional manner, forming a long-term mechanism for the control of the surrounding rock of the deep soft rock roadway, which provides theoretical and technical support for the ground pressure control of the same type of deep soft rock roadway.