In the mining area of Yangcheng Branch Company, the coal seam inclination is large, the fault is developed, and the coal seam occurrence characteristics are complex, which restricts the safe and efficient mining to a certain extent. In view of the above problems, this paper uses the method of correlation and regional comprehensive comparison to clarify the influence law of mining depth and fault on the occurrence characteristics of coal seam, which provides a reliable geological basis for safe and efficient mining in the future. The main research results of the paper are as follows: (1) The correlation law between mining depth and the change of coal seam roof is clarified. With the increase of mining depth, the direct top mudstone layer of coal seam becomes thinner and the basic top sandstone layer becomes thicker. (2) The regional characteristics of the changes of the top and floor of coal seam under the influence of faults are obtained. Under the influence of tectonic processes, the top and floor mudstone layers are thickened, the basic top sandstone layers are thinned, and the regularity of the branch fault regions is more obvious. (3) The eighth mining area as a whole is greatly affected by fault tectonics. Compared with the sixth mining area, the variation characteristics of the top and bottom areas are consistent with the fault influence law.