Abstract: Based on the engineering background of mining prone ground pressure accidents which are easily induced by the mining face of adjacent faults, the mechanical model and calculation analysis are established in this paper. The results show that the working face mining can affect the weak surface of the fault, and can be divided into the far field and the near field disturbance effect according to the distance, and the fault structure is activated by the far field mining. The failure form of the adhesive contact points on the weak surface determines whether the weak surface of the fault is sliding state or stick slip state. When the fault structure is activated by the near field mining, the mining face is located in the footwall layer of the fault, and the fault rock mass is shear slide upward and downward, and the risk of the fault rock block tensioning separation is higher than that of the upper plate mining method.