Abstract: Abstract: In order to determine the influence extent of multi-factor coupling on coal spontaneous combustion danger, a comprehensive assessment was applied to the danger of coal spontaneous combustion based on the structural equation model which was set coupling the principle of system engineering. Through literature research, integrated the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion, based on the theory of system engineering, the danger factors affecting coal spontaneous combustion were determined with an establishment of evaluation index system on the coal spontaneous combustion danger and a construction of structural equation model to determine the weight of each index. According to index system, a comprehensive evaluation on the danger of coal spontaneous combustion was carried out to a coalmine in Ningxia, the result of which coincides with site condition, demonstrating the reliability of the model.