Abstract: Gangue filling mining can reduce the possibility of roof collapse in goaf and play a key role in controlling surface subsidence deformation. In order to evaluate the effect of gangue filling more easily and accurately, taking Xinyuan Coal mine as the engineering background, the selection of gangue filling equipment was firstly summarized, the filling rate of three working faces after filling was investigated, and the ground subsidence was calculated based on numerical software, and the simulation results were verified by field measurement. Finally, the influence of gangue filling mining on the surface buildings is preliminarily evaluated based on relevant deformation indexes. The results show that the maximum filling rate of xinyuan coal mine after filling mining is 73% and the minimum is 36%. The surface subsidence curve calculated by numerical method matches the measured data points, which proves the reliability of simulation work. The maximum possible surface horizontal deformation value of the three simulated working surfaces is 0.15 mm/m, the maximum possible surface tilt deformation value is 0.35 mm/m, and the maximum possible surface curvature value is 0.0022 mm/m2. These deformation parameters are all smaller than the relevant grade ⅰ deformation index, and the effect of gangue filling mining on ground buildings is very small. It is feasible to predict and evaluate the surface deformation caused by gangue filling mining in advance by using this numerical simulation method.