Abstract: Abstract: In order to study the influence law of ground stress distribution characteristics on coal and gas protrusion, the method of combining theoretical analysis and field example verification is adopted. That is, through the numerical simulation method, we analyze the influence of the distribution of raw rock stress on the elements of mining stress field and physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock body, and explore the law of influence of stress direction on the protrusion risk of mining surface retraction. The research results show that when the maximum stress direction is perpendicular to the direction of roadway digging or surface recovery, the stress concentration phenomenon is more obvious in front of the working face, the larger the scope of the unloading damage zone, the lower the porosity of the coal body, and the stronger the risk of protrusion at the working face. And combined with the coal and gas protrusion phenomenon in the south one mining area of mulberry pine coal mine and the actual measured data of ground stress, it verifies the phenomenon that the protrusion risk is greater when the maximum main stress direction is perpendicular to the direction of advancement.