Abstract: TIn order to explore the nature of the advance influence of the surface movement, mechanism of the key layer rupture on the advance influence of the surface movement was revealed. Based on the theory of key strata, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of surface movement and deformation in advance. By analyzing the internal displacement monitoring records of boreholes in Shendong mining area, the results of physical similarity simulation tests, the occurrence law of rock pressure in fully mechanized mining face, and the observation records of surface subsidence, the relationship between the key strata break and the periodic variation of the influence distance (angle) are studied. The results show that the advance influence distance (angle) is not a constant, but a variable that changes periodically. A new viewpoint that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the advance influence distance is roughly equal to the periodic weighting length of the working face is put forward originally. Examples show that the new viewpoint is scientific and reasonable. The paper provides a new technical idea for the organic unity of mining pressure and surface deformation.