Abstract: In view of the problems that coal mine accidents often occur in our country, such as coal industry being affected by internal and external factors, the definition of coal mine systematic safety risk is put forward, this paper expounds the four characteristics, trigger factors and transmission mechanism of coal mine systematic safety risk. To construct the system of coal mine systematic safety risk index, including 1 first-class Index, 5 second-class index and 25 third-class index, and to establish the model of coal mine systematic safety risk index, the model was used to analyze and judge the systematic safety risk of 2021 coal mines in 23 coal-producing provinces (regions) of our country. The results show that: first, the first quarter, the fourth quarter coal mine system safety risk index is high, 0.3926 and 0.3959, respectively, higher than the national average level. Mainly due to the enterprises generally resume production, rush to catch up with the progress of construction, winter heating coal consumption increase and other factors, the coal mine systematic safety risk presents an upward trend; The systematic safety risk of coal mines in Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Henan provinces is high. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of coal mine safety during the above-mentioned period and in the above-mentioned provinces in order to prevent the occurrence of serious accidents in coal mines. The research results of this paper provide practical and effective theoretical guidance for the prevention of systematic safety risks in our country, and provide technical support for the supervision and supervision departments to carry out remote supervision and accurate prevention and resolution of major safety risks.