Abstract: In order to study the law of fracture and displacement of nearly upright extra-thick coal seam rock formations, theoretical analysis, physical similar simulation, on-site observation and other means are used to establish a mechanical model to study coal seam overburden by combining theoretical analysis and on-site measurement Circumstance. The results show that the fracture of the nearly upright coal seam is mainly concentrated in the direct top rock layer, and with the increase of the mining depth of the working surface, the top slate layer first appears out of the layer, and the overturning break occurs under the action of gravity, the rock blocks near the top plate of the working surface are mostly dumping movements, the rock blocks near the bottom plate of the working surface are mostly downward movements, and the rock blocks in the middle of the goaf area are mostly falling and flipping movements. Through on-site testing, it is found that the stratification and breaking of the rock layer are affected by the mining of the working surface and the top floor, and the direct top rock layer is greatly affected by the mining of the working surface, the movement is more intense, and the basic top is more stable. By further studying the collapse of the top and bottom slate layers of the nearly upright coal seam, and grasping the fracture and transportation of the rock layers of the nearly upright coal seam group, it provides reference for the comprehensive exploitation of the nearly upright coal seam and other conditions for the disaster prediction and disaster prevention and control caused by the broken transportation and displacement of the coal rock seam, so as to ensure safe production.