Abstract: The long-term coal mining activities in the Huainan Mining Area have played a significant role in ensuring the energy supply and promoting economic development of the local and surrounding regions. However, the ecological and environmental issues such as vegetation destruction and land damage that have arisen have also attracted high attention from relevant departments. With the continuous deepening of ecological civilization construction, the ecological restoration of coal mining areas has gradually become an urgent environmental governance task. Since 2016, the Huainan Mining Area has carried out land reclamation and ecological restoration projects for coal mining subsidence water accumulation areas. To effectively monitor the land reclamation effects of these projects, this study selected Landsat series remote sensing images from 2016 to 2024. The study first used a random forest classifier to extract the main types of land cover in the study area; then, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) model was applied to calculate the comprehensive ecological quality index for each year, and the natural break method was used to grade the ecological quality. The results show that the cultivated land areas within the Huainan Mining Area generally perform well in terms of ecological quality, while the water-accumulated areas have relatively poor ecological quality. From 2016 to 2024, the overall ecological quality of the Huainan Mining Area has shown a downward trend, especially in the water-accumulated areas, where this change is more pronounced. Urban and mining area construction activities, as well as ground subsidence and water expansion caused by coal mining, are the main reasons for the differences in ecological quality and its changes in the mining area. Analyzing the ecological environment quality by mine unit reveals that Zhuji Dong Mine, Dingji Mine, Pan Si Dong Well, and Guqiao Mine are four mines with relatively good ecological environment quality.