Abstract: To study the spatial structure evolution and strata behavior of the overlying strata, taking the 2351 working face of Daizhuang Coal Mine as the engineering background, the filling effect under mining conditions was studied by similar simulation experiment. The results show that the settlement curve of the overlying strata obeys the normal function distribution, and the overlying strata of the filling stope have only the fissure zone and the bent subsidence zone. The evolution of the strata undergoes three stages: the undeveloped area, the extended area and the closed zone. The distribution of the stress changed from V-type to U-type, which is divided into stress recovery zone, pressure relief zone and stress concentration area. The evolution shape of overburden stress is Z, and the maximum stress concentration factor is 1.84. Filling body has a significant effect on the movement of overlying strata, with the advance of the face, the structure of the overburden evolved from the beam structure to the fissure arch structure and the multi-story arch structure, which provides a theoretical basis for the efficient control of the ground pressure.