Abstract: Based on the analysis of hydrogeological characteristics and water inrush characteristics of a coal mine in Shanxi, the hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotope characteristics of various water bodies in the mining area were studied. It was determined that the source of the 01 working face water inrush was mixed water of Taiyuan Formation limestone aquifer and Ordovician limestone aquifer. The isotope method was used to quantitatively calculate that the Taiyuan Formation limestone aquifer accounts for 46% of the source water inrush from the working face, while the Ordovician limestone aquifer accounts for 54%. The research results showed that The isotope method can determine the main source of mine water inrush quantitatively and accurately, and provide a scientific basis for the development of effective water control measures.