Abstract: A coal industry efficiency evaluation index system including resources, economy and environment was constructed, and super efficiency SBM and Malmquist models were used to conduct horizontal, vertical, static and dynamic analysis of panel data of 20 coal resource-based provinces. The research found that: the longitudinal comparison showed that the overall industrial efficiency was on the rise, and the dynamic analysis by Malmquist showed that the improvement of efficiency mainly depended on technological progress, while the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency did not play a role, indicating that the industrial scale and the allocation of organizational management level still need to be improved. Lateral comparison showed that the efficiency value, there is a big difference between the provinces, and there are different levels of volatility, found through the analysis of the dynamic Malmquist TFP is less than 1 provinces can be attributed to its technical efficiency lagging behind, that must be aware of the importance of technology progress for coal industry development, increasing the development of related technologies, pay attention to the defects of technical efficiency, improve the level of technology.