Abstract: This paper analyses the geological conditions of room - pillar mining system goaf. Taking the construction of natural gas pipeline as an example, according to the requirements of relevant codes, this paper calculates the displacement and deformation of surface residual influence in mining subsidence area, analyses the safety of the damage height of overburden and the influence depth of construction project, and analyses the long-term stability of coal pillars. In this paper, measures and suggestions for goaf treatment are put forward. The technical ideas in this paper can provide technical reference for the stability evaluation of surface construction site in room-pillar mining system goaf.