Abstract: In order to study the changing law of the force on the wall of the VSM caisson, the sinking process and the force characteristics of the VSM caisson were analyzed based on the characteristics of the construction technology. First, according to the sinking characteristics of the VSM caisson, the loads received during the construction process are sorted out, and the typical movement state of a sinking cycle of the caisson is divided. Then, based on the GGMeyerhoff formula and specifications, the sinking resistance of the caisson is determined. Analyzed and calculated, put forward the calculation formula of the blade foot resistance considering the flooding in the +well, and established the construction mechanics model of the typical state of the shaft wall; finally, the geometric parameters of the caisson, the sinking resistance, and the sinking resistance were calculated by taking the mine shaft engineering as an example. The relationship between sink depth and suspension force. The results show that the suspension force of the VSM caisson does not always increase with the increase of the sinking depth, but first increases and then decreases, with a maximum value; the thickness of the well wall directly affects the resistance and The changing law of the sidewall friction resistance indirectly affects the sinking depth of the caisson; the suspension force of the caisson changes with the change of construction conditions. The design of the suspension capacity of the caisson equipment should be comprehensively considered according to the actual situation; The mine caisson wall with an inner diameter of 6m and a thickness of 0.5m has a maximum sinking depth of 56m under the condition of f=8kpa; designing the performance of drag reducing mud according to the sinking depth is an important means to control the sinking resistance and achieve system optimization.