Abstract: Coal occupies an important position in China's energy structure and plays an important role in economic development. In order to analyze the trend of coal supply and demand in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, combining the characteristics of small samples of coal supply and demand data, and using the relevance vector machine (RVM) algorithm, a coal supply and demand prediction model based on RVM was constructed. The coal supply and demand during the 14th Five-Year Plan period has been forecasted. The research results show that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's coal production and consumption are still steadily increasing. Coal mine safety production is still the main issue during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. And relevant suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of government supervision, enterprise risk control and coal mine intelligent construction.