The occurrence of rockburst in deep gob-side working faces in multiple mining areas has led to the shutdown of coal mines, making it difficult to control them. The actual effect of coal pillar retention has become an important issue affecting the safe and efficient production of these mines. Taking the deep mining in Ordos area as the background, based on the analysis of the occurrence characteristics of rockburst such as the formation structure of extremely thick bedrock, large coal pillars in the working face, and failure along the goaf roadway, the occurrence regularity of rockburst under the lateral overburden structure and load characteristics along the goaf is studied. According to the actual conditions, the distribution characteristics of lateral abutment pressure are calculated and analyzed, and the distribution of lateral abutment pressure and emergency loading failure characteristics of the working face are studied through numerical simulation. It is concluded that the retention of small coal pillars is the optimal plan to reduce the impact risk of the working face along the goaf under extremely thick bedrock strata, and practice has been carried out. Precise erosion prevention measures such as long cutting holes, small coal pillar design, pre cracking of the basic roof along the goaf, pressure relief of solid coal along the goaf, high-strength basic support along the goaf, and advanced support have been implemented on site. The results show that the small coal pillar working face in Shilawusu Coal Mine has been realized, and the results can provide a reference for the gob-side mining of working faces under similar conditions.