Abstract: Taking a mine in Shendong mining area as the research object, the water content, pH, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter of 10cm, 20cm and 30cm topsoil were selected as the evaluation indexes of soil environmental quality, and their temporal and spatial variation rules were analyzed. The results show that the water content in the undrawn area at each depth is higher than that in the subsidence area. The soil water content in the 1-year subsidence area at the depth of 10cm is slightly higher than that in the 2-year subsidence area, while the water content in the depth of 20cm and 30cm is lower than that in the 2-year subsidence area, indicating that the water content in the 2-year subsidence area has recovered compared with that in the 1-year subsidence area; The range of pH change in the area is small, and the soil is alkaline as a whole. In terms of spatial distribution, the area with small pH is mainly distributed at the junction of the 2-year subsidence area and the other two areas, which is consistent with the direction of coal mining roadway; The spatial distribution of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter is consistent. The low value areas are mainly concentrated in the middle of the untapped area and the northwest, middle and south of the one-year subsidence area, and the high value areas are mainly concentrated in the junction of the two-year subsidence area and the one-year subsidence area and the untapped area, but the coverage area is slightly different. In general, coal mining disturbance has a certain fluctuating impact on soil ecological quality, but the impact is light.