Abstract：Aiming at the problem of excessive deformation of narrow coal column and roadway surrounding rock under hard roof conditions and strong mine pressure, the parameters of deep hole pre-cracked cutting roof and narrow coal column protection alley of hard roof were studied under the engineering background of Fujiayan Coal Mine 10102 working face return air lane. Through the mechanical reasoning analysis of the roof cutting and protection alley, the roof plate after the roof is cut from the three-sided solid support and one side simple branch before the initial pressure to the two sides of the solid support and the two sides of the simple branch, which makes the roof more likely to collapse and the collapse step distance is correspondingly reduced, which eases the mine pressure of the working face. The key parameters of the narrow coal column protection alley of the cutting roof are analyzed in detail: the width of the coal column, the cutting top angle, the cutting depth of the cutting roof, and the spacing of the cutting top gun hole are the key factors to achieve accurate top cutting, and the vertical cutting depth of 24m completely cuts off the basic top limestone, which effectively reduces the stress connection of the basic roof, shortens the length of the basic top cantilever and minimizes the load of the coal column. The numerical simulation results show that the supporting pressure of the 8m coal column is the largest when the top is not cut, reaching 41.8MPa, and the shaping damage of the coal column is the largest, which will even lead to the failure of the coal column; after the 8m coal column is cut to the top, the supporting pressure of the coal column is the smallest, the peak value is 21.2MPa, and the internal pressure concentration area of the coal column is significantly reduced. The monitoring of the roof cutting effect showed that with the progress of pre-cracking and cutting the roof, the cycle of the return air side bracket was stable and the time was short, indicating that the roof cutting and unloading technology made the structural connection of the roof plate change significantly, and the stress transmission of the basic top was discontinuous, which reduced the load above the narrow coal column and played an effective role in the surrounding rock control of the narrow coal column roadway．