Abstract: In view of the worsening ecological environment around coal mining areas, this paper evaluates the current ecological status of coal mining areas in Shanxi Province from three aspects: ecological sensitivity, ecological source and ecological security pattern based on ecological concepts. Firstly, based on the five factors of ecological sensitivity, such as slope, slope direction, elevation, vegetation index and land use type, the comprehensive sensitivity of coal mining areas is generated to obtain the ecological sensitivity degree of each coal mining area. Secondly, MSPA analysis method is used to identify the ecological source area, so as to further obtain the impact degree of coal mining areas on the ecological source area. Finally, MCR analysis method was used to evaluate the ecological security pattern level of coal mining areas in Shanxi Province. The research results show that Changzhi, Linfen, Jinzhong and other cities are located in more coal mining areas with high ecological sensitivity, and the coal mining areas in these urban areas have a large impact on the ecological source area, and the ecological security pattern of coal mining areas in Shuozhou, Yuncheng, Changzhi and other cities is low, which needs to be emphasized in the future ecological restoration work.