Abstract: In view of the technical problems of roadway layout in the extra-thick coal seam with residual coal pillars after close-distance coal seam mining, Tangshan coal mine was taken as the research object and the failure depth of the floor after mining in the upper coal seam, the stress distribution of the floor of the residual coal pillar and the reasons for the failure of the roadway roof in the lower coal seam under the uneven load were studied by using the theoretical analysis , numerical simulation and field measurement. The research shows that the maximum failure depth caused by the abutment stress caused by the upper coal seam mining is 31.5 m, which affected the lower coal seam. The vertical stress distribution of the coal pillar floor has obvious non-uniformity distribution and the lower coal seam retrieval roadway is more likely to reach the tensile limit and produce deformation damage. The characteristics of the main stress distribution under four types of roadway arrangement in the lower coal seam were also compared and the internal staggered and translational arrangements were preferred. Furthermore, the unbalanced degree of stress and deformation of the roof of the mining roadway was evaluated by combining the stress change Δσ and displacement change ΔD of the roadway. Combined with the numerical simulation and field industrial test data, the optimal inner stagger distance of the mining roadway in the working face of 9 coal seam is 37.5 m, which provides a reference for the layout of the extra-thick coal seam mining roadway.