Aimed at the causes of shaft damage in Gongguang coal pillar mining and its prevention and control technology, taking Dashe Coal Mine in Handan, Hebei Province as the engineering background, the movement and deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in the shaft of Gongguang coal pillar mining are analyzed to reveal the causes of shaft damage; Propose the plan of preventing and controlling the shaft damage in the follow-up working face of the project, form the corresponding construction technology, and successfully apply the engineering practice. The research shows that the 92606 working face in Guangnei is adjacent to the auxiliary shaft, and the vertical additional force caused by mining is the cause of shaft damage; If preventive measures are not taken in advance, the subsequent mining of the 92606 working face will lead to secondary damage to the auxiliary shaft; The prevention and control scheme of single pressure relief groove without stopping production proposed in the study has the advantages of not affecting the mine production, high pressure relief rate, simple construction, low cost, etc. The technology of grouting behind the wall, cutting the pressure relief groove, and erecting dense well circles has successfully completed the project of preventing and controlling the damage of the auxiliary shaft without stopping production. The monitoring shows that the vertical and circumferential stresses of the shaft are less than the ultimate bearing capacity of the shaft wall, and the shaft is in a safe state. The operation is good and the expected effect is achieved.