Aiming at the problem that the fracture characteristics of thick and hard basic roof affect the stability of roadway during the final mining period, taking 42206 working face of Liangshuijing Coal Mine as the engineering background, using comprehensive research methods such as physical similarity simulation test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, on the basis of analyzing the influencing factors of overburden caving law, mechanical transmission mechanism and stress evolution characteristics during the final mining period, the roof cutting cooperative control technology is adopted to realize the basic roof breaking at the expected position when the main retracement channel is penetrated, so as to ensure the stability of surrounding rock. The results show that the influence of the breaking position of the main roof on the support pressure shows the law of ' behind the support < above the roadway < above the solid coal '. In the comparative numerical simulation study, when the main roof breaking position can be changed to the rear of the support by roof cutting and pressure regulation, the stress state of the surrounding rock of the main withdrawal channel, the crack of the coal pillar between the channels and the range of the plastic zone are all at a small value, which ensures the stability of the surrounding rock of the channel during the penetration period and provides a certain reference for other similar projects.