In order to analyze the mining response of steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam, the stress evolution characteristics of coal rock in steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seams were studied through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and similar simulation. The stress deflection damage law of coal and rock was obtained, and the zoning fracture behavior of the overburden in steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seams was clarified. The results show that the upper coal rock is characterized by arched stress zone, and the maximum principal stress peak of top coal and overburden is relatively advanced. The principal stress 1 along the Y-axis component of the coal and rock in steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam is relatively small near the working face, and the stress and the Z-axis angle are characterized by a gradual decrease along the strike. The minimum principal stress 3 deflects significantly along the Y-axis, and its X-axis component exhibits an increasing-then-decreasing trend along its strike. As the angle between principal stress 1 and the long axis of fracture increases, the stress inside coal rock increases first and then decreases. The mining response is most intense in the upper roof of the steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam, with mining stress showing a surge trend. The mining response in the middle roof is relatively stable, the mining stress in the lower strata is the weakest. The above research provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of mining effect of steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam, and has certain reference value for the stability control of surrounding rock of steeply dipping and extra-thick coal seam.