Abstract: In order to solve the engineering problem of deformation and instability of expansive muddy soft rock roadway under deep high stress in Kailuan mining area. The mineral composition, microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of expansive soft rock in typical area are tested and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM scanning, uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests. It is found that the development of microcracks is the main cause of water absorption and expansion of surrounding rock. There are two types of surrounding rock instability under different confining pressures: tension failure and shear failure. The traditional anchoring and scaffolding supporting methods can not effectively give full play to the bearing efficiency of support. The multi-level anchoring grouting and bottom angle pressure relief scheme in this paper can combine the pressure reduction, support and surrounding rock modification, and obtain good support effect in the soft rock with high stress hydrolysis and expansion, which provides an example and reference for the safety support of the same kind of roadway.