Abstract: Taking the 20104 working face of Wangjialing coal mine of Jinneng holding coal industry group as the engineering background, through the combination of on-site ground pressure monitoring, refined numerical simulation, mechanical mechanism analysis and on-site industrial test, the 20102 return air roadway driving along the gob during the mining of 20104 working face is studied. The results show that: 20102 air return drift was affected by mining disturbance of adjacent 20104 working face. The deformation and failure of surrounding rock can be divided into three stages: initial slow growth stage (20104 advanced testing station 125 m range), rapid and continuous growth stage (20104 advanced testing station 125 m range to 100 m lag) and accelerated growth stage (20104 delayed testing station 100~200 m range); the variation law of the support stress in the two sides of the roadway obtained by numerical simulation confirms the accuracy of the field ground pressure monitoring results. At the same time, the numerical simulation results also point out that the pre splitting treatment of the roof rock can significantly reduce the peak value of the support stress in the two sides of the surrounding rock of the roadway along the gob, so as to reduce the damage degree and convergence of the surrounding rock of the roadway; according to the on-site engineering geological conditions, the pre-splitting method of roof and rock stratum is determined and the on-site industrial test is carried out. The cumulative convergence of surrounding rock roof and floor and two sides are reduced by 506 mm and 326 mm respectively. The deformation of surrounding rock in 20102 return air drift has been controlled to a certain extent. The research results provide guidance and reference for roadway excavation along gob under similar engineering geological conditions.