Abstract: To address issues such as energy waste, response lag, and operational instability caused by fixed speed settings in traditional belt conveyor speed control methods, this paper proposes a dual-loop fuzzy PID speed control strategy based on the dynamic balance between coal flow and motor power. Based on the longitudinal dynamic model of the belt conveyor and the coal flow-motor coupling equation, the system equilibrium conditions and constraint conditions are derived to classify three typical operating conditions: safe, efficient, and transitional. This reveals the strong nonlinear correlation mechanism among belt speed, coal flow rate, and motor power. A hierarchical dual-loop fuzzy PID speed control architecture is constructed, comprising an outer-loop fuzzy controller and an inner-loop PID controller. The outer-loop fuzzy controller uses real-time coal flow and motor power as inputs, dynamically generating speed setpoints based on Mamdani fuzzy rules to achieve adaptive strategy energy optimization across the three operating conditions: safe zone, high-efficiency zone, and transition zone. The inner-loop PID precisely tracks the speed setpoint through feedback, suppressing dynamic fluctuations. Considering the coal flow-power balance relationship, this study proposes a dynamic coordination mechanism for dual-loop fuzzy-PID speed control, providing theoretical foundations and engineering implementation pathways for belt conveyor energy efficiency optimization. Test results demonstrate that this strategy enhances system dynamic response: speed setpoint update delay is less than 5 ms during coal flow step changes, actual speed response time is only 1.2 seconds, root mean square error of speed tracking is 0.09 m/s, and the proportion of high-efficiency operation reaches 89%, significantly improving system energy efficiency and control accuracy. By dynamically matching belt speed to load demand in real time, the system effectively reduces energy waste caused by light-load and no-load conditions. This enhances overall conveying efficiency and operational stability, providing crucial technical support for intelligent coal transportation and energy-saving speed regulation in mines, demonstrating significant engineering application value.